Mode op constbtrctotg ibon buildings



,Wwe-a 22,515.31,

N PETER@ PHOTO-LlTHOGRAPHER, WASHINGTON: D C.

AMosJ. sAXTON, on BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

MODE oFv ooNsTnUoTiNGIRoN BUILDINGS.

To all whom, t mag/concern: i

Be it known that I, AMos J. SAXTON, resident of the city and county and Stateof New York, have invented a new andimproved method of preparing for erection anderecting iron reproofand` other buildings without the use of rivets, screws, bolts, or nails; and I do hereby declare `that thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the annexed j drawings, marked Figures 1 to 30, inclusive, like letters referring to similar parts in said gures.

Fig. 1 is a front elevation and Fig.2 a plan of the building composed of iron beams, columns or post and studs.` &c. as a frame Work and Fig. 3 is a skeleton frame ofan iron building,showing apart of the ashlers and window frames &c. set, which aresecured to the frame by my new method `showing the improved manner of securing the iron plates which form theexterior and interior sides orlwalls of the building to the iron frame.

A, A, A, &c., Figs. 2 and 3,.are iron columns, post, or studs, &c., formed substantially as shown in Figs. 2 vand 3 and are shown on an enlarged scale byFigs. 7, 9,

\ so shaped,1 on the ends and other parts` 10, 11, 12,13, 15,` 16, and in sections in 17, and 20, No. 16, &c. l j

B, B, B, &o., Figs. `2 and, 3 are the horizontal beams and cross beams shown `on an` enlargedscale by Fig. `6, No. 2, repeated, Stic., and in lsections under Figs. 10 and l2, 85C. 1 i i i The post or studs A,\A, A, &c., and the beams B, B, B, ttc., `form the main frame of the building resting on a proper foundationof masonry Vor otherwise. The partitions being also .framed of studs and beams in the same manner when desirable.

The columns, post, or studs, A, A, A, &c.,A

and the beams, B, B, B, &c., aresecured to eachother by the method shown onjan enlargedscale in Figs. and 17, No.1'3. The main beams B, B, B, &c and the` girders are Where joints are required so as to form the double mortise and:` tenons shown in the drawings, into which the ends of the post or studs t beingmadefoil the tenon shape` shown in the compound ex. and 'starjoints Vshown by Figs. 6 and 17 by No. 13., and in the compound angular joint, Fig. x7 Vin secj tions marked No. 3, repeated, &c. The compound i intersectional l and" interlocking ex.

Specification of Letters latent No. 11,509, dated August 8, 1854.

joint No.2, shown at Fig. 6, (repeated), is used to fasten the girders of the first story or foundation girders to each other.; when `united with the compound angular joints forms the compound star joint shown in sections by Figs. 6 and 17, Nos. 13. Compound, angular joint No. 3 is used to fasten the corners of theframe of the building to gether, and is shown by Fig.7,` No. 3, in four forms of geometrical `sections marked A, B, C,`and D, repeated. Compound joint No.

4, Fig. 8, is used to fasten the rafters, and

purlins to the main frame of the building. The rafters` are` shown by the letters D, D, D, &c., andthe purlin or stays by the letters E, E, E, &c., compound joints No. 5,

Fig. 9, is used to fasten the partitions to the frame of the building horizontally, `Sac.` Compound joints No. 6 Figs. 10 are used for fastening or holding the cross partitions to horizontally &c. Compoundtjoints No. 7,

Fig. 11, show themethod of` fastening the door frames of the interior of the building tothe partition` so as toallow the doors to thepartitions on their ways K, K, K, K, &c. On the `ways is shown a section of the door by Fig. 24:.` Compound joint No. i8, Figs. 12,"

representsthe manner of fastening the ,ups per ceilings to the under side `of the` cross beams and girders &c. so as to or ornamented Finish, &c. y i

Compound` intersectional joints No. i 9, Figs.` 18show`the manner of connectngthe ornamental cornice and ceilings to the studs or columns on the inside of the buildings, &c. Compound interlocking joints `No. 10,

Figs. `141 (repeated), are the geometrical secand `thejkey Ct that holds themtogether. The joint that..holds the mitersectionstogether is; marked by thetletters .92 and sa...`

i Compound joint No. 11, Fig. 15, is used .for thepurpose of `connecting two columns or posts `ort-wo ,girders or cross beams" in the frame of the building and to each other `slide or roll into or between the sections of j make a plain and C` and in` thecompound interlocking i "jointN'd 10, Fig. .14, and in the interlocking angularrmiter jointNo. 10, Figi. 14, the sec.- tions are markedA, and B, that interlocks such a manner asto form but one interlocking angular joint. This joint is shown on the margin on a large scale, Figs. 15 and No. 11 (repeated), in some of its forms.

Compound. joint No. 12, Fig. 16, shows the method of fastening the exterior door columns to the frame of the building.

Compound star joint No. 13, Fig. 17, is used for the purposeof connecting two columns or posts and two girders or cross beams in such a manner as to form but one interlocking joint and is shown inV sections, Fig. 6. (repeated).

Compound intersectional lap joint No. 14, Fig. 28. This lap joint is used for joining together different sections of the girders when it is necessary to extend them.

., into a hollow square and united firmly tol1 gether by the interlocking sectional and 30 dowel joints and y, as shown connecting the upper side (a), with the undersection (0,) and the two side sections (b) and (d), with the other parts in connection with the f end dowels of section F, and F1. The upper section (an) lhas two mortises cut vinto it as shown at A, and B. Into the mortise A, a column or cross beam may be framed; and into the mort-isc B a stud or post interlocked by the foot of the tenon and are kept in their places by the keys or wedges as shown in the sections D1 and El marked e, z'.

l The single joints of the cross beams connecting the girders to each other and to the 'i foundation girders are of .diferent shape,

one from the other with different tenons and mortises to suit or fit each other as shown on the ground plan, Fig. 2, and by Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6, 7,I&c. They are used to keep .the

- girders firmly in their places and to prevent them from warping and twisting. Those of the first class arev marked B, No. 1. Those of the second class are'marked B, No. 2. Those of the third class are marked B,"No.`3.

- Those of the fourth class are marked B, No. 55

4, &c.` The cross beams are also used to lay the floors or iron tessellate with glass or marble tiling or when that is used in place of common floors and for giving strength and durability to the buildings. They are used for the same general purpose on each story as shown at Figs. 2 and'3. The mortises in the girdersv and the tenons of the posts are .also marked to correspond with the number'o class of cross beams to be used in connection with them.

The stringo or binding joints as shown at S,'Figs. 4 and 5, on the ashler are used to secure the ashler or building plates to the columns post, or studs. vThe columns post or studs have strios (as shown at S) or chamfer or groove cut or cast into the face or side of the columns, post, or studs on the exterior and interior sides of each which together are used to secure the ashler or building plates to the frames of the building as described and shown at Figs. 2, 3, 9, 10, 12 and 15. 'The long stringos or binding joints are shown at Figs. 4 and 5, `by the letter s. The strios on the columns or post are marked S, repeated. The short stringos or binding joints which are cast o r formed on the back or insidey of the ashler or inside plates which lit into the strios or grooves of the ashler, columns, post or studs are marked C2, and the points where the stringo C2 enters the'studs A A, A, A, &c., is marked on the studs a', a, as shown at Figs. 12 and 15. The openings are enlarged at certain intervals to admit the stringos vor the ashlers or" plates so that the ashler may be moved up and down in the'strios or grooves of the post or columns, &c. This method with the modifications are used for both the exterior and interior plates of the wall and serves'to hold them firmly to the vertical columns or posts, &c.

To secure the ends of the ashlers or plates to each other I use an interlocking joint shown onthe end of the ashlers into which the key fits as shown at Figs. 4, 5, and 14. The ends of the plates havealternate tenons and mortises of the interlocking shape which interlock with each other asv drawn and shown at Figs. 4, 5 and 14. On these tenons a projection or strios are formed as shown at Figs. 4, 5 and 14, into, which on each side the edge of the splieroid or wedge shaped keys C5 fits firmly binding theend of the ashlers or plates to each other as shown at Figs. 4, 5 and 14. The ashler as shown at section C, Fig. 5, is hollowed on the inside to one third of the thickness as shown for the purpose of making ashler light.

To unite the exterior and interiorv plates more lirmly to each other and to prevent themv from springing out of the line of the front, I form at suitable distances between the studs on Vthe back or inside of the plates, strios containing a groove or slide one opposite to the other into which short tie bars with stringos, on each end are inserted which -hold the plates so as to make a rm connection Jbetween the opposite plates as shown at Fig. 29, letter G.

On ythe basement courses or any other.

where it is' desirable to make ka chancel between the plates' as shown at Figsyl, 3, 4,

and 29, the upper edge vof the llower plate is formed so as to t the grooved edge of convenience of the constructor.

'the uppeif plate leaving a chanaelf as at c' in IEFigs.` r, 33.14; 294,. the constructor may desire'.

and E29; l l l lilgs.` V9*,` 10), represent pl'an the method of revising the joints `for the fitting of the of mortise tenon`s, the form` of the vertical" studs being adapted to such purposes. l i i Fig. 27 represents the 'roof truss" in elevation with the principal rafters or tie beams. It is curved in the drawing but may be made in any other form to suitthe D, D are the rafter, lil, E, E &c. are sections of purlins secured to the rafters by the interlock;

ing and intersectional joints as shown at Figs. 8, and 27. I, I, are the tie beams.

Fig. 27 shows the iron sash bars E E, which are used for sustaining the roof tiles and for givingadditional strength to the roof. The tiles aresecured to them by a cement adapted for that purpose which holds them irmly in their places.

Fig. 80, represents the method as a-pplied to forming an iron truss or frame `for the floor. The present drawings being more particularly adapted to theuse4 of malleable glass tiles. The iron tessellate bars for the tiling of the `floors is shown in section by Fig. 30. The tiling are secured to the bars in the same manner as described in Fig. 217. In Fig. 30 section A, 1, shows the iron tessellate resting on the cross beams which is composed of light iron bars running diagonally across the cross beams which are fastened into a cast or wrought iron frame which is made to intersect the girders by a half lap of the frame but not shown. The tiling is shown in section B, 1. The rafters purlins and other parts of the frame are of iron and are joined to each other by mortises, tenons, single and compound joints with interlocking, intersectional, stringos, stros, sagittate and spheroid keys &c., shown in general plan at Fig. 3. After the plates which form the wall are secured to these places on the frame to a proper height, I ll upi the openings between the wall plates with any well known compound (that will act as a non conductor of heat) which may be used in combination with the construction and erection betweenthe exterior and interior plates where it forms an additional support to the building. To protect the interior or exterior surface of the plates from oxidation, `I paint them with suicient number of coats of `paint or I apply a process of galvanizing or marbleize or crystallize them, before their erection giving them the appearance of marble, wood, or stone as may be desirable. By this method of joiningthe points or sectional parts of the frame The 3 joints in` the lat-ter case being made.flush` as 'shown in 11, 35, 5,

same letters.

The different keys are ,shown in 4T, 4

5, 9, 1o, 11, 12, 14, 15,16, 118,19., 201,. e1, 22, and ac.` These keys Figs. 9, 10,11, lf2, 19, 20,121, and are marked by the letters a;e,1'f,o,iu`, and

The tenons of the post or studs and the corresponding mortises and the keys shown in Figs. 9, 10, 11, l2, &c. are marked by the The'girders, post, studs, or cross beams may be cast hollow, square, round, or angular as may be required. The joints are all fitted or planed by hand or by a machine adapted for thatl purpose. The

`manner in which I secure the several points or parts of the building frame and the plates to each other is simple.` It is also evident that mortises and tenons, simple and compound joints may be replaced by other regular or irregular joints which will answer the same end. It is also evident that this method is not confined to any particular size or form of frame, or plate, as various sizes and shapes may be given to them which would answer the saine general purpose, and varous devices for ornamental effect maybe used.

The kindof metal to be used is not limited to cast or wrought iron as malleable glass or any other material of similar tenacity would answer the purpose.

Thus it will be seen that any class or size of building `may be erected and secured in any of thelsectional points by my improved joints on my plan in all or any of the component `parts by my improved method of building first class substantial iron frame' fire proof houses, stores, &c. in one half of the time occupied'in erecting brick or stone buildings; and one fourth of the cost will be saved by the constructor.

I do not claim to have invented the mortises, tenons, lugs, grooves, chamfers, common keys; or any simple dovetail oints; as ll am aware that they have been used before;

What I do claim as my invention and improvement and desire to secure by Letters Patent isl. The method, mode, manner or process of connecting and combining all the different points by all or any of the improved joints so arranged at all of the different points by all or any of the different joints as when joined by the different joints at the sectional points as herein set forth and subets, bolts or nails is not required in the erection of iron frame fire proo-or'other buildings.

2. I claim the method Inode or process of erecting iron fire proof and other buildings and of uniting orroonnecting each substantial part to each other or of connecting them at all of the sectional points by the diierent joints as described Without the use of screws, rivets Ibolts or nails, as herein set forth and substantially described.

3. I claim the method, Inode, or manner of so arranging and combining the diEerent points of the columns post or studs, girders, 

